总结就是把一个时段的学习、工作或其完成情况进行一次全面系统的总结,它可以有效锻炼我们的语言组织能力,因此我们需要回头归纳,写一份总结了。那么总结有什么格式呢?
1、 表示方式、手段或工具等时(=以,用),注意不要受汉语意思的影响而用错搭配,如“用英语”习惯上用in English,而不是with English。
2、 与某些抽象名词连用时,其作用相当于一个副词。如:
with care=carefully 认真地
with kindness=kindly 亲切地
with joy=joyfully 高兴地
with anger=angrily 生气地
with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地
with ease=easily 容易地
with delight=delightedly 高兴地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
3、 表示条件时,根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如:
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点,我就买得起了。
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些,我们完成这项工作还要快些。
4、 比较with和as:两者均可表示“随着”,但前者是介词,后接名词或代词;后者是连词,用于引导一个句子。比较:
He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长,他会进步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了,人们的观念也会变化。
5、 with的复合结构 “with+宾语+宾语补足语”是一个很有用的结构,它在句中主要用作状语,表示伴随、原因、时间、条件、方式等;其中的宾语补足语可以是名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语等。如:
(1) with+宾语+形容词
He often sleeps with the windows open. 他常开着窗睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
(2) with+宾语+ 副词
He stood before his teacher with his head down. 他低着头 站在老师面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 他和衣 躺在床上。
(3) with +宾语+ 介词短语
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes. 她含着眼泪说了声再见。
The man was asleep with his head on his arms. 这个人头枕着胳膊睡着了。
(4) with+宾语+现在分词
He fell asleep with the lamp burning. 他没熄灯就睡着了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. 因为妈妈有病, 我无法去度假。
(5) with +宾语+ 过去分词
He sat there with his eyes closed. 他闭目坐在那儿。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
(6) with +宾语+ 动词不定式
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. 要洗这些衣服, 我无法出去了。
With such good cadres to carry out the Party’s policy we feel safe. 有这样的好干部执行党的政策, 我们感到放心。
(7) with +宾语+ 名词
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl. 他去世时,女儿还是个小学生。
with的用法1:with表示状态时,还可作“跟上…”“听懂…的话”解,一般用于疑问句或否定句中。
with的用法2:with表示关系时还可作“与…合并〔混合,组合〕”解。
with的用法3:with表示伴随状态时,作“以与…同样的方向〔程度,比率〕”解。可接“名词+动词不定式”“名词+现在分词”“名词+过去分词”。
with的用法4:with表示比较时作“同…相比”“与…平行”解。
with的用法5:with可以用来表示虚拟语气,意思是“如果,假如”。用于诗歌或民谣的副歌、叠句中, with常无实际含意。
1、词性不同。with是介词,而and是连词。
2、在句子中的作用不同。 and连接的词属于并列成分,A and B中,A B是平行的而WITH和后面的词构成“介词+宾语”的结构A with B中,A B是不平行的,A是主要成分,with B则是个附属成分。
3、含义不同。with除了“和”之外还表示带有的意思,而and只表示是“和”的意思。
Tom drew the picture with a pencil .
汤母用铅笔画画。
I cut the apple with a sharp knife .
我用一把锋利的刀削平果。
with是介词,其意义颇多,一时难掌握。为帮助大家理清头绪,以教材中的� 在句子中with结构多数充当状语,表示行为方式,伴随情况、时间、原因或条件(详见上述例句)。
1. 带着,牵着…… (表动作特征)。如:
Run with the kite like this.
2. 附加、附带着……(表事物特征)。如:
A glass of apple juice, two glasses of coke, two hamburgers with potato chips, rice and fish.
3. 和…… (某人)一起。
a. 跟某人一起(居住、吃、喝、玩、交谈……) 。如:
Now I am in China with my parents.
Sometimes we go out to eat with our friends.
He / She's talking with a friend.
b. 跟go, come 连用,有 "加入"到某方的意思。如:
Do you want to come with me?
4. 和play一起构成短语动词play
with 意为"玩耍……,玩弄……" 如:
Two boys are playing with their yo-yos.
5. 与help 一起构成 help...with...句式,意为"帮助 (某人) 做 (某事)"。如:
On Monday and Wednesday, he helps his friends with their English.
6. 表示面部神情,有“含着……,带着……” 如:
"I'm late for school," said Sun Yang, with tears in his eyes.
7. 表示 "用……" 如:
You play it with your feet.
What do the farmers do with your machines?
8. 表示 "对……, 关于……"。如:
What's wrong with it?
There's something wrong with my computer.
With all his money and fame,he is not happy .
有着钱和名誉,他还是不快乐。
With good teachers and warmhearted classmates ,the new comer feels lonely .
虽有着好老师和热心的同学,这个新来的还是感觉孤独。
The old man lived with a little dog on the lonely island .
这个老人和一条小狗住在荒岛上。
I often dream of a big house with a nice garden .
我经常梦想有一个带花园的大房子。