ratherthan意为“而不是”、“而没有”，侧重客观上的差别，还可以表示“与其……，倒不如（或宁可）……”，侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。句中ratherthan前后一般应为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式、介词短语，甚至分句等。这次漂亮的小编为您带来了rather than的用法说明【精选5篇】，如果对您有一些参考与帮助，请分享给最好的朋友。
rather than 用法小结
rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：
1、 rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather.。.than.。.”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：
She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
2、 rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下： (1) 连接两个名词或代词
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。 You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。
注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2) 连接两个形容词
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
（3） 连接两个介词（短语）或动名词
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。 (4) 连接两个分句
We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。 (5) 连接两个不定式
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。
注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。 (6) 连接两个动词
He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。
注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。 would rather的用法
一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形，常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式
其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。
“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。 例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。 If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意 1） would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。 He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。 Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。
2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前 例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？ Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？ Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？
四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……，还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。
例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。（句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来） We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。 Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。
请注意 1） 如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ，其（that）从句则用过去完成时。 例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。
2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。 例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。
五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。
例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。
例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。 2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。 3） would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。 例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。 这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样： 例 —Would you like some gin？
—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin． —您想喝点杜松子酒吗？
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。
4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。
例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。
rather than 用法小结
rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：
1、 rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather.。.than.。.”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：
She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
2、 rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：
（1） 连接两个名词或代词
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。
You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。
注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
（2） 连接两个形容词
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
（3） 连接两个介词（短语）或动名词
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
（4） 连接两个分句
We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
（5） 连接两个不定式
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。
注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。
（6） 连接两个动词
He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。
注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。
would rather的用法
一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形，常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式
其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。
“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态变化。
例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意 1） would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。
2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前
例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？
Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？
Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？
四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……，还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。
例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。（句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来）
We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。
请注意 1） 如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ，其（that）从句则用过去完成时。 例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。
2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。
例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。
五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。
例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。
例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。 2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。
3） would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。
例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。
这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：
例 —Would you like some gin？
—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．
—您想喝点杜松子酒吗？
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。
4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。
例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我5 的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。 prefer用法
是可以加to的，但一般用法都是用不带to的用法。（中国考试也爱考这个，所以考试万一出了你还是不要带to）
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做。.。而不做。.。” I prefer to watch TV rather than go out.我宁愿呆在家里也不出去。
1、 prefer+名词
——Would you like meat or fish?
——I„d prefer meat，please。
2．prefer+动名词
Do you prefer cooling for yourself ，or eating in a restaurant? 自己做饭还是喜欢下馆子？
——Do you like swimming?你喜欢游泳吗？
——Yes, but I prefer saling.喜欢，但我更喜欢驾驶帆船。
3．prefer+不定式
Do you prefer to cook for yourself, or to eat in a restaurant? I prefer to spend the weekend at home.我喜欢在家里度周末。
I would prefer to stay at home tonight. She prefers to be alone.
4．Prefer sb to do sth
Their father prefers them to be home early.他们的父亲宁愿他们早点回家。
I thought you would prefer me not to knock. 5.prefer A to B
在本句型中，A与B是平行结构，可以是名词，也可以都是动名词。例如：
I prefer dogs to cats.在狗与猫之间我更喜欢狗。
Most people prefer trains to buses.大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐汽车。
I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我宁愿写一篇学期论文也不愿参加考试。
I prefer staying at home to going ou.我觉得在家里比出去好。
Thousands of children nowadays prefer doing their homework to a background of pop-music to doing it in a quiet room.
成千上万的孩子如今一边听流行音乐一边做作业，也不愿在安安静静的房间里做。
She has always preferred marking her own clothes rather than buying them in the shops.
她向来喜欢自己做衣服，而不到商店里去买衣服
6．Prefer+不定式+rather than+不定式
1) 本句型中，第一个不定式前面要加to，第二个不定式前面以不加to居多。例如： He prefer to die rather than become traitor.她宁死也不做叛徒。
Older people often fear change. They know what they can do best. They prefer to repeat their successes rather than risk failure.
年纪大的人常常怕变化。他们知道什么最拿手，宁愿把自己成功的经验在如法炮制而不愿冒失败的危险。
She preferred to sew rather than to knit.她喜欢缝纫而不喜欢编织。
2)rather than 也可以至于句首：
Rather than buy a car of his own, he prefers to rent one. 3） than后也可用动名词：
I prefer to stay at home rather than go/going to see a film. 我觉得与其去看电影倒不如呆在家里。
I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive/driving all the way to your mother‟s.
我觉得与其开车跑那么远的路到你母亲那里度周末，到布热在家里过更好些。
4） prefer …rather than 中的rather也可以移到第一个不定式之前（prefer rather…than），这种用法多见于书面语。例如：
He preferred rather to take the whole blame himself than to allow it to fall on the innocent. 她宁可自己承担全部责任而不愿让无辜的人受到连累。
5） prefer to do A rather than do B 意义相同，试比较：
Joe prefers skating to skiing. Joe prefer to skate rather than ski. Bill preferred playing soccer to swimming. Bill preferred to play soccer rather than swim. He preferred rating a car to having one of his own. He prefers to rent a car rather than to have one of his own. 他宁愿租车也不愿买车。
6） 用prefer…rather than代替prefer…to连接名词的情形偶尔也可见到。如：
Mr. Brunner prefers chemistry rather than physics.
有人认为两者的区别是：prefer…to表示一般的倾向，prefer…rather than则表示在某种具体场合的选择。如:
What shall we have to drink, port or sherry? 我们该喝什么呢？
I should prefer port rather than sherry. 我宁愿和红葡萄酒而不合雪利酒。
7） prefer + that从句
Would you prefer that I come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? 你宁愿让星期一来而不是星期二来吗
I prefer that someone else should do this. 我觉得还是让别人来做这件事比较好。
英语语法小结
根据以往英语取得高分同学的经验和海文英语辅导名师的建议，他们都一致认为英语语法和词汇是学好、考好英语的重要基础，其实完形填空是对语法、词汇的综合考查，但更关键的是学好此部分有助于对英语句子结构的分析和理解，有助于学生掌握灵活多变的句式，这样不仅有助于学生做好阅读理解，而且有助于学生做好英译汉，写好作文。
（一）情态动词
一．情态动词的现在完成式的用法
情态动词现在完成式主要有两个功能：表示已经发生的情况和表示虚拟语气。在这两个方面must/mustn’t,；can/cann’t;need/needn’t;may/mayn’t;might/mightn’t;should/shouldn’t; ougtht等情态动词＋完成式表示的意思是有一定区别的 1．表示已经发生的情况。 1）must have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的肯定推测，译为“（昨天）一定……”。如：
My pain apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:” Are you feeling all right?”
[A] must be had been [C] must have been [D] had to be （答案为C）
2）can’t / couldn’t have+过去分词，表示对已发生情况的否定推测，译为“（昨天）一定没……”。如：
Mary my letter; otherwise she would have replied before now. [A] couldn’t have received ought to have received [C] has received [D] shouldn’t have received （答案为A）
3）may / might have +过去分词，表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测，或事实上根本没发生，译为“也许……”。如：
At Florida Power’s Crystal River plant, a potentially serious leakage of radioactive water may have been unknowingly caused by an electrician. 2．表示虚拟语气。
1) needn’t have + 过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于”didn’t need to do”，译为“其实没必要……”。如：
You needn’t have come over yourself.
As it turned out to be a small house party, we so formally. [A] needn’t dress up did not need have dressed up [C] did not need dress up [D] needn’t have dressed up
（没有必要穿的那么正式，体现是说话者的建议，实际结果是否真的穿的很正式没有确定，答案为D）
2）should have +过去分词，表示应该做某事但实际上未做，译为“本应该……”should not + have过去分词表示本不应该做某事但实际上做了，译为“本不应该……”。如：
I regret having left the work unfinished; I should have planned everything ahead carefully. 我本来应该事先认真地把每件事情规划的很好，但实际上作者还是没有规划好，以至工作没有完成。
3) ought to have +过去分词，表示动作按理该发生了，但实际上未发生，译为“该……”，与should 的完成式含义类似。如：
Ｔhe porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke 。
4) could have +过去分词，表示过去本来可以做但却未做，译为“完全可以……”。这点与ought/should/ have +过去分词用法相似。如：
What you said is right, but you could have phrased it more tactfully.
5) may/ might have +过去分词，表示过去可以做但实际未做，译为“（那样）也许会……”。如：
It might have been better to include more punchy statistics and photos of equipment in the introduction to further assist first-time office automation managers. 二．几个情态动词常考的句型：
1)．may/might (just) as well “不妨，最好”，与had better相近； Since the flight was cancelled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班已经取消了，你不妨乘火车吧。相当于you had better go by train。 2) ．cannot / can’t…too …“越……越好，怎么也不过分”。注意这个句型的变体cannot…over…。如：
You cannot be too careful when you drive a car.驾车时候，越小心越好。
The final chapter covers organizational change and development. This subject cannot be over emphasized 。
3) ．usedn’t 或did’t use to 为used to (do) 的否定式。 4）．should 除了“应该”一层意思外，考研大纲还规定要掌握其“竟然”的意思。如：I didn’t expect that he should have behaved like that. 我无法想象他竟然这样做。 三．情态动词被动关系的主动表达法
1． want, require, worth（形容词）后面接doing也可以表示被动意义。 Your hair wants cutting The book is worth reading The floor requires washing.
2．need既可以用need to be done 也可以使用need doing ，两种形式都表达被动的意义
The house needs painting= the house needs to be painted. The watch needed repairing= the watch needed to be repaired.
（二）形容词、副词及比较级最高级 一．形容词的修饰与位置
一般来说，从构词法角度来看，后缀”ly”往往是副词，但有的以“ly’结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，这点要注意；形容词一般可以在句子中做定语，表语等成份，但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前置定语；这些形容词在修饰时候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下面做了一下归纳：以-ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词： costly 昂贵的 lonely 孤独的deadly 死一般的 lively 活泼的friendly 友好的 silly 傻气的 kindly 热心肠的 likely 可能的leisurely 悠闲的 ugly 长得丑的brotherly 兄弟般的 monthly 每月的earthly 尘世的 只作以“a”开头的很多形容词只能做表语：
afraid 害怕的 alike 相象的
awake 醒着的 alone 单独的，惟一的alive 活着的 ashamed 羞愧的
asleep 睡着的 aware 意识到的、察觉到的well 健康的 content 满意的unable 无能的 只作前置定语的形容词
earthen 泥土做的，大地的 daily 每日的 latter 后面的golden 金子般的 weekly 每周的 inner 里面的silken 丝一般的 monthly 每月的 outer 外面的wooden 木制的 yearly 每年的 elder 年长的woolen 毛织的 former 前任的 mere 仅，只不过
only 惟一的 sheer 纯粹的 very 恰好的little 小的 live 活的
4．下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语：
remain keep become, get, grow, go, come, turn, stay, stand, run, prove, seem, appear, look。
如：All those left undone may sound great in theory, but even the truest believer has great difficulty when it comes to specifics. 二．形容词与副词的比较级与最高级
1．考比较级时，考生应把握：
1）形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词对应出现，即是否符合原级比较及比较级的结构。如：
Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ， or better than an actual performance.
[A]as good as as good [C]good [D]good as
在这里as good as 比较连词与better than比较连词同时出现时候，不能省略任何一个介词。答案为A
On the whole, ambitious students are more likely to succeed in their studies than are those with little ambition.
2)比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念，既是说比较要具有可比性。如：
The number of registered participants in this year’s marathon was half 。 [A] of last year’s those of last year’s
[C]of those of last year [D] that of last year’s
（前后相比的应该是今年和去年注册参加的人数“the number of”故代替它的应该是单数指示代词“that”，而不能选择B，those是指代participants，不是同类对比，答案为D。
Young readers, more often than not, find the novels of dickens far more exciting than Thackeray’s. 3)比较级与倍数词关系及其位置
原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词，表示为“为…。若干倍”，当与有表示倍数比较的词在一起时候等，他们的位置是，倍数词+as…as…，或倍数词+more…than…，但again一般放在原级词之后，即 “as+原级＋again+as”。如：
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills people each year than automobile accidents.
[A] seven more times seven times more [C] over seven times [D] seven times （答案为B）
“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No, I would gladly have paid for it.”
[A] twice so much twice as much [C] as much twice [D] so much twice （答案为B）
My uncle is as old again as I am
4）下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：
inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than. 如：
Their watch is to all the other watches on the market. [A] superior advantageous [C] super [D] beneficial （答案为A）
Prior to his departure, he addressed a letter to his daughter. （1986年考研题）
5）“比较级＋and +比较级”或“more and more/less and less +原级”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副词＋比较级”结构表示“越来越……”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get ，become等。前面两种情况更多地出现在进行时态中，注意的是这三种情况引导的比较级后面都不需要用than.如：
Things are getting worse and worse.
As I spoke to him he became less and less angry. Her health was becoming daily worse
The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse. 6)比较级前面可以用even, still, yet ，all the (more)等修饰语用以加强语气，表示“更加”的意思。如
Today it is even colder than yesterday I have yet more exciting news for you 7) 有关比较级的特殊句型：
A): not so much…as…与其说……不如说……
The chief reason for the population growth isn’t so much a rise in birth rates a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care. [A] and as [C]but [D] or
人口增长的主要原因与其说是因为出生率的提高，还不如说是因为医疗的进步带来的死亡率下降的结果。答案为B
B) no/not any more…than…两者一样都不……
The heart is intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain. [A] not so not much [C]much more [D] no more （心脏和胃两者都不具有智力，他们都受大脑控制。答案为D）
There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, they can limit how much water you drink.
[A] much more than no more than [C] no less than [D] any more than （答案为D）
C)no/not any less…than…两者一样，都……注意基本上与no/not any more…than意思相反
She is no less beautiful than her sister.她和她姐姐一样漂亮
D)just as… so… 正如……， ……也……（用倒装结构）
Just as the soil is a part of the earth, the atmosphere. [A] as it is the same is [C] so is [D] and so is （答案为C）
2．最高级形式应注意的问题：
1）最高级比较范围用介词in, over, of, among。
in, (all) over用于在某一范围内的比较，如：in China, all over the world.
of, among用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较，如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.
注意：among…相当于one of …，不说among all…。这一点考生应与汉语表达区别开来
如：
all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength. [A] Among Of [C]For [D]To 答案为
2)比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用：
any other +单数名词
the other +复数名词
the others
anyone/anything else
上述词是用业将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语，切不可遗漏，尤其是other，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。如不能说：John runs faster than anyone.注意与汉语表达的不同。
3）most可以用来修饰形容词或副词，意思相当于very，用法区分单复数，但不能用定冠词the，如：a most interesting book, most expensive restaurants， 要注意与 “the +形容词最高级＋of + 名词”的结构表示的最高级的区别，如：
He spoke in the warmest of voices They have been most kind to me
Basketball is the most popular of sports in this country. Chinese is the most difficult of language Chinese is a most difficult language 三．不用比较级和最高级的形容词：
1）表示颜色的有：white, black
2）表示形态的有：round, square, oval, circular, triangular（三角形），level
3)表示性质和特征的有：atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy 4)表示状态作表语的有：afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike
5)表示时间、空间和方位的有：daily, weekly, monthly, annual, present, front, back, forward, backward, east, west, south, north, left, right, final 6)表示极限、主次、等级的有：maximum, minimum, utmost, main, major, chief minor, superior, inferior, senior, junior, super, favorite
7)含有绝对概念的有：absolute, entire, whole, total, perfect, excellent, thorough, complete.
四．平行结构与比较级
平行结构很多情况下是由形容词或副词的比较级或者暗含比较意味的连词引导的。如：
The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes.
大多数情况下平行结构都是具有一定的比较含义的，有的是递进对比not only…but (also) ；prefer…to…；rather than有的是同类对比：and ；but；or；both… and…；either…or…； neither…nor…。. 平行结构测试时候注意以下几点：
1．注意比较结构中相比较的内容在语法形式上是否相同。如：
It is better to die one’s feet than 。
[A]living on one’s knees live on one’s knees [C]on one’s knees [D]to live on one’s knees （答案为D）
Despite the temporary difficulties, the manager prefers increasing the output to decreasing it.
2．其他具有并列或比较意义的短语也可引导平行结构。
1）rather than, let alone 虽不是并列连词，但在结构上连接两个语法形式相同的成分。如：
We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal style in a personal style.
[A]rather than other than [C]better than [D]less than 答案为A
For the new country to survive, for its people to enjoy prosperity, new economic policies will be required.
[A] to name a few let alone [C]not to speak [D]let’s say （答案为B）
2）如果平行的两个成分在形式上是介词短语，而且介词相同，一般说来第二个介词不要省略。如：
At times, more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advertisements than into the writing of the features and editorials.
（三）代词及其指代一致 一．代词的指代 1．that的指代作用
that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词（如是复数，用those），后面通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of。如
Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with that of listener, and it calls for occasional “digestive pauses” by both.这里that指代前面的the role。
No bread eaten by men is so sweet as that earned by his own labor. 2．one的指代作用
one指代带不定冠词的单数可数名词，复数为ones。the one指代带定冠词的单数可数名词。如：
A good writer is who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way. [A] that he [C]one [D]this 答案为[C]
3．do的替代作用。
do代替动词，注意数和时态的变化。如：
For him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works ， but that the public believe that it does. 二．代词指代一致问题
代词指代一致是指指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致，或者所照应的名词词组在某些方面保持一致。
Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a serious disease form its effect.
这里he指代前面的person。
It was during the 1920’s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point. 这里its指代前面的两人的friendship。
Our department was monitored by two supervisors, Bill and me. 这里me必须用宾格形式。
代词指代一致必须注意以下几个原则和规律： 1．邻近和靠近原则
由either … or, neither…nor, not only…but (also)连接先行词时候，如果两个先行词在数和性上保持一致，就用其相应的一直的人称代词；如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致，人称代词一般与邻近的先行词在数和性上保持一致。 Neither Mary nor Alice has her key with her.
Neither the package nor the letters have reached their destination If either David or Janet comes ， he or she will want a drink
2．当no one, everyone, each,everybody, none ，anybody, someone, somebody用作主语或主语的限定词时候，或者anything, nothing, something everything等不定代词作主语时候，其相应的代词一般按照语法一致原则，采取单数形式。如： Everybody talked at the top of his voice. None of the boys can do it ， can he? Everything is ready, isn’t it?
3．当主语为复数形式，后跟each作同位语时，如果each位于动词之前，其后的代词或相应的限定词用复数形式；如果 each位于动词之后，其后的代词或相应的限定词用单数形式。如： They each have two coats
we are each responsible for his own family 4．由and连接两个先行词，代词用复数 如：the tourist and businessmen lost their luggage in the accident
（三）主谓一致问题
主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数上要一致。把握主谓一致问题，考生主要解决的是对不同结构的主语单复数的认定，进而选择适当的谓语。解决主谓一致主要遵循三个原则： 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近一致原则
have sth. done，have sb. do ， have sb./sth. doing与have sth. to do 四种
句型的区别
一、Have sth. done可表示四种不同的语法意义 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。
例：① I had（=got） that door painted last week.上星期我请人把那扇门做了油漆。
② I had（=got） my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.昨天下午我请人补了牙。 （2）（主语）完成某事（可能参与）。
例：① they are going to have （=got） some threes planted.他们打算植些树。
② we must have （=got） the work finished by Tuesday.我们必须在星期二以前完
成此项工作。
（3）（主语）遭受某种不幸的情况。
例：① I had my hat blown off.我的帽子被（风）吹掉了。
② I had my leg broken when I got off the bus.下车时我的腿子摔断了。 (4) 用于否定句中，表示“不允许…。”“不让”。
例：① I won’t have anything said against her.我不会允许有任何反对她的言论。 ② I won’t have my house turned into a hotel.不不会让我的房子变成一个旅馆。
二、have sb. do表示四种含意 （1）（主语）请/派别人完成某事。可以用“get sb. to do”结构来替换。
例：① I had him repair my bike. （=I got him to repair my bike.）我请他修理自行车。
② Don’t forget to have him come.别忘了叫他来。
（2）表示主语无意识的行为，这时“have”作“有”解。 例：These small animals seem glad to have people visit them. （3）表示主语“经历”某事。
例：He had his mother die.他遭丧母。 （4）在否定句中作“容忍”“允许”解。
例：I won’t have you say such things about her.我不允许你说她这样的话。
三、have sb./sth. doing 表示两种含意或者说一种含意。 （1）在肯定句中常表示“让某人做某事”，“让某情况发生”之意，含有动作正在进行之意。
例：① he soon had them all laughing. 他很快让他们都笑了起来。 ② I have a car waiting for me. 我让一部车在等我。 （2）在否定结构中，表示“不能让”，“不允许”。
例：we can’t have that sort of thing happening.我们不能让那类事情发生。
四、have sth. to do表示“有某事要完成”，其中不定式作定语，且其有主动与被动二种形式需要区别使用。
（1）如果不定式的动作由主语来完成需其用主动形式。 例：① I have some letters to write.我有几封信要写。
② He have a large family to support.他有一大家人要养活。 （2）如果不定式的动作不是由主语来完成需用其被动形式。 例：“Do you have any clothes to be washed today?”the servant asked.佣人问道：“你今天有没有衣服要（我）洗？”
rather than 用法小结
rather than 是一个并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：
1、 rather than 与would 连用时，构成“would rather.。.than.。.”句式，意思是“宁愿……而不愿……”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：
She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。
2、 rather than 不与would连用时，表示客观事实，意为“是……而不是……；与其……不如……”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词（短语）、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：
（1） 连接两个名词或代词
He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。
You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。
注意：rather than 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
（2） 连接两个形容词
The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
（3） 连接两个介词（短语）或动名词
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
（4） 连接两个分句
We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
（5） 连接两个不定式
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。
注意：rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to, 如上句。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。如：Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。
（6） 连接两个动词
He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。
注意：这里rather than 后用了walked，而没有用walk，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成walk，则作“宁愿……而不愿 ……”解。
would rather的用法
一、would rather意思是“宁愿、宁可、更、最好、还是为好”，后接动词原形，常省略为’d rather，表示优先选择的一种方式
其否定形式是would rather not do sth。would rather没有人称和数的变化，所有的人称一律用would rather。
“would rather+动词原形”是英语中常见的一个惯用句式，美国英语中多用had rather。would (had)在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，且无词性、时态
变化。
例 Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music. 李先生不愿意听摇滚音乐。
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。
He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。
You would rather stay at home and do some reading this evening. 今晚你最好呆在家中读点书。
二、如果在两者中进行取舍，表示“宁愿……而不愿……，与其……宁可……”的意思时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…的句型
例 I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
The children would walk there rather than take a bus. 孩子们宁愿步行去那里而不愿乘公共汽车。
请注意 1） would rather…than…/would…rather than…也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…。Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than 后的动词可以省略。
例 I would rather have noodles than rice. 我宁愿吃面条也不吃米饭。
He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up. 与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。
2)使用would rather…than…句型时要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。
例 I would rather go to work by bike than by bus. 我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father. 我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
三、在疑问句式中，would rather 与would rather…than…中的would要放在主语之前
例 Would you rather stay here or go home? 你愿意呆在这里，还是回家？
Which would you rather have, apples or bananas? 你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？
Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？
四、would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型 Would rather+从句，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……，还是…… 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。
例 John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today. 约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。（句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来）
We’d rather he paid us the money tomorrow. 我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。
Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend. 明天别来。我希望你下周末来。
请注意 1） 如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不
恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather ，其（that）从句则用过去完成时。 例 Would rather you had not done that. 我真希望你没有做那件事。
2）如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done结构。
例 I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night. 我真希望昨天晚上去看了戏而不是呆在家里。 He would rather be poor than have got money by dishonest methods． 他宁可穷也不愿意用不诚实的手段获取金钱。
Henry would rather that his girlfriend worked in the same department as he does．亨利希望他的女朋友和他在一个部门工作。
五、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别 would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。
例Tom would rather/sooner read than talk． 汤姆宁可读书而不愿谈天。 Tom prefers reading to talking．汤姆喜欢读书而不喜欢谈天。
请注意 1）would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带 to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。
例 He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer． 他喜欢喝红葡萄酒而不喜欢喝啤酒。
I prefer tennis to golf．= I’d rather play tennis than golf． 我喜欢打网球而不喜欢打高尔夫球。 2）某些 prefer+名词的情况不能用 would rather完全确切地表达出来：He prefers dogs to cats．（他喜欢狗而不喜欢猫。）和 He would rather have dogs than cats．（他宁可养狗而不愿养猫。）很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。
3） would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to的不定式。
例 I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly． 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。
这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：
例 —Would you like some gin？
—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．
—您想喝点杜松子酒吗？
—我想喝点咖啡。/我想喝点咖啡，不想喝杜松子酒。
4）would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。
例 We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air． 我们是乘船去的，可我本想乘飞机去。（我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现。）这和 would like+不定式的完成式有点相似，would like+带to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。
6 wish的用法
1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时
（be的过去式为 were）
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时过去完成时
（had + 过去分词）
将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时 would/could +
动词原形
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
2）Wish to do表达法。
Wish sb / sth to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）