丽江的英文导游词【热门17篇】

丽江英文导游词(通用17篇)

丽江的英文导游词 篇1

玉水寨位于丽江城区北部约15公里处,白沙镇玉龙雪山脚下,山寨风光自然淳朴,尤其是空灵清澈的水景使人赞叹。这里还是纳西族的东巴教圣地,可以了解关于祭祀、造纸等独特灿烂的纳西族文化。

走进玉水寨的景区大门,首先震撼人的就是神龙三叠水的水景。景区内有一股清泉从两株老树下留出,化作层层叠叠、大大小小近十个白珠飞溅的瀑布。传说神泉的泉眼处是自然神出没的地方,神把水叠成几叠,于是造就了这错落有致的神龙三叠水瀑布群。溪水汇入玉水潭,潭中养殖有金鳟鱼和虹鳟鱼,游人汇聚潭边,即可欣赏鱼水和谐的场景。

除了水景之外,这里也是纳西族东巴教的发源地,寨内和合院是纳西族东巴教神灵的居所,建有东巴文物展览厅,陈列着古老的东巴经书、木偶、法器等。和合院的正中央,是东巴教最高的圣殿“玉水缘”大殿,供奉着东巴教始祖东巴什罗、纳西族保护神三多等众多神祗。

另外,你还可以参观民俗院内东巴纸造纸坊、东巴酒酿酒坊、织布机等,了解古老东巴民族的造纸、酿酒、织造技艺,欣赏到纳西族本土民间古乐《白沙细乐》的表演。景区每年会按纳西族传统,定期举行祭天、祭风、祭自然神等活动;农历三月五日在和合院会举行盛大的东巴法会,如果恰好遇到东巴祭天和祭神活动,可以更深刻了解东巴教的神韵,非常幸运。

丽江的英文导游词 篇2

Hello everyone, my name is hong, are you the lijiang tour guide, I hope you have fun in the tour.

I told you so much, everybody also saw so many, but is coming into the city, how didn't see the gate? Actually is invisible to the guests, this is also the one of the ancient city of lijiang, can't see the gate, could not see the wall, because there is no ancient city walls and gates, because the head of the naxi nationality name is "wood" if built walls and gates became "trapped" word, so ancient city without walls, also does not have the gates.

Into the old town of lijiang, see the square street. Square street, like the spider web, southeast of the northwest each have a way to it. Sifang street was paved by the multicolored, heels, on a multicolored sounds don't have a new idea, the sound is ringing, somewhat like the sound of a bell. Sifang street is the center of the city square, natural adornment beautiful and distinctive, even the inn is very beautiful. Sifang street inn is located in the center of the lijiang ancient city square street plaza, has a unique environmental advantages. Inn garden Bridges, lush flowers and trees, inherited the naxi ethnic aesthetic temperament and interest, one thousand years is harmony, harmonious concept of natural life. Inn each room design is unique, you can walk in the square street, absolutely no two rooms are the same.

The old town of lijiang have to put the light! Lijiang has a very special custom, is light. Put the lamp is old town of lijiang river of an ancient custom. It is said that each night, the dragon king of ying tan will follow the ancient city of jade river cruise, put a river light points to the dragon king the lighting, not only can protect the ancient city of peace, can make oneself and family get the dragon king bless and luck, success in the coming days. This legend. Put a river light, make a wish.

In many parts of lijiang is very beautiful, said also said not net, I hope you have a chance to be touring. This time you have fun? The answer is yes!!!! The chance next time I will take you to see the scenery of the ancient city of lijiang again!

丽江的英文导游词 篇3

大家好!我是你们游览丽江古城的导游。我很高兴能与大家共渡这快乐时光!我姓张。大家可以叫我张导游。

请大家跟我来。这里是丽江古城。我先给大家简单介绍一下丽江古城。丽江古城又名大研镇,坐落在丽江坝中部,称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”之一。

丽江的英文导游词 篇4

Dear visitors:

Today we are going to visit lijiang. China's two major ancient city was UNESCO world cultural heritage list, they took a south north, each has its own characteristics, northern shanxi pingyao ancient city, is the south is the ancient city of lijiang in yunnan province. Lijiang dayan, baisha, beam river three relatively independent urban construction units, dayan ancient city is the concentration of their representatives, so people are often called dayan ancient city of lijiang. From the geographical terms, the dayan ancient city of lijiang is a famous Chinese and foreign ancient city of ethnic minorities plateau.

Formed in the early yuan dynasty of ancient city, has been a northwest yunnan commercial center since the Ming and qing dynasties and the connection of yunnan sichuan-tibet tea ma gu town, has been 800 years of history. Ancient city covers an area of 3.8 square kilometers, the elevation 2400 meters, inhabited by more than 6200 households, the resident population, about 25000 people, including naxi nationality population accounts for about 67%. Lijiang in December 8, 1986 was released by the state council as national famous historical and cultural city, December 4, 1997, is a UNESCO world heritage site.

Beneath our feet is a "map", and frogs, eight diagrams is the naxi ancestors create divination tools according to the theory of five elements. Design is crawling in the middle of a frog, back like a divination texts, abdominal across the arrow, symbol of the party five lines of colored eight. Now facing east, symbol "wood", color green; South frog mouth, mouth spit "fire", heat color red; Frog abdomen center, into a "soil", ochre yellow; Arrow pointing towards the west, the symbol "iron", iron color white; Frog end toward the north, and out of the "water", water color and black. In addition, the frog left limb pointing to the southeast, right limb pointing to the southwest, the left foot to the northeast, right foot to the northwest, and south, east, west, north, symbol of eight side sticks. Design with twelve animals around the image, since due east of order is, ox, tiger, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog, pig, rat, things to make. So, wood, fire, earth, iron, water five lines of each match male female and ten, then 60 cycle with 12 kinds of animals and ordinal number. Bargh figure of the naxi ancestors primitive cosmology, and even to the study of the origin of gossip, has important reference value.

Visitors, now we are at the square street. Sifang street is the center of the city square, it is a pavement linked together by rows of an approximate rectangle square street, street, covers an area of about 6 acres. Why call square street, there are two main types: one theory is that the shape of a square is the magistrate printing, like square by tusi named sifang street, from the meaning of "town square". Some will say, because the road leading to all directions of stream of people is in all directions, the logistics distribution center, so call square street. Southern China also has a trade channel called "tea ma gu", it is the Tibetan and lijiang horse, fur, medicinal herbs and other specialty and southern goods such as tea, silk, jewelry, a trade channel, old town of lijiang is the town in the tea-horse ancient road, the square street is the trade center of the town.

Maybe you have noticed the square street is not level, but slightly tilted east, is this why? Square street as the naxi proverb says, is a what are sold in addition to chicken bridle busy bazaars, a few days will have a lot of garbage, the old city and has no fixed cleaner, the ancient city of the people according to the topography, skillfully use of west river natural flushing street field. Way is: market are scattered in the afternoon, people with three pieces of ceiling a brake on the streets of river, west river, flood on river flow to the street, surrounded by the owner of the shop with a stick in the water drive, sewage flows into the east river, to thousands of hectares of farmland irrigation. Their street, the water in the river is clean, and free the law of sweeping the floor, this is afraid is in our city.

This is gong fang. Lijiang in the first year of yongzheng of the qing dynasty, namely "gai-tu-gui-liu policy", in 1723 AD by the original toast rule changes by the central government appointed officer has a certain term of flow rule, lijiang has just entered the society by the feudal lords feudal landlords and the society. The change of the social system inspired folk children study enthusiasm, from "gai-tu-gui-liu policy" to the abolition of the imperial qing dynasty 180 years, lijiang has a s a juren and seven jinshi. "Three for" a door in the developed areas of the central plains culture is not surprising that, in lijiang can be such a long ruled by toast frontier minority areas, it is a sensational joyous event, so the government and people donated here built a two layer of gong fang. Late qing dynasty, the alleys and out of the lijiang finally a jinshi and heptyl ji, so the villagers in the site after burn reconstruction gong fang, and up to three layers. In fact, from the "gai-tu-gui-liu policy" to cancel the imperial qing dynasty, the ancient city alone has two "three for a door". Now, population is more than 30 of the naxi nationality, but has hundreds of experts and professors; The annual college entrance examination enrollment, per capita in the province has been leading the way. Naxi nationality is, as it were, a people advocating culture, good at learning.

Visitors, thank you for your cooperation. Here, visitors can free activities for 1 hour. Activity was over here to set. Pay attention to safety!

丽江的英文导游词 篇5

大落水村位于从宁蒗前往永宁的公路边,毗邻泸沽湖。

大落水村是大部分游客到泸沽湖必游的地方。在大落水村,沿湖岸都是摩梭人家的木房子,现在多数都改造为可提供住宿的旅馆。这里游客多,也热闹。晚上,当地的摩梭人会穿起传统服饰,表演歌舞。欣赏完民族歌舞,还可以到湖边支起的帐篷里去烧烤。

大落水村在当地分为上落水和下落水两部分。公路西侧、房屋较矮小的一片屋群是上落水,这里的民居较古老。公路东侧紧依湖畔且房屋高大的一片屋群叫下落水,这里因旅游业的发展,普遍盖起了几层楼的现代民居。而无论上落水的老民居,还是下落水的新民居,它们都是全木结构的房屋,四壁用削皮后的圆木,两端砍上卡口衔楔垒摞而成,屋顶则用木板铺盖,上压石块,整幢房屋不用一颗钉子,也不用砖瓦,它不仅冬暖夏凉,而且用衔楔整架结构而特别防震。这就是摩梭人的木楞房。

下落水湖边有条弯曲的砾石小路,路边的摩梭人都把自己家改建成旅社,随小路一溜排开的木楞子房一幢比一幢漂亮而有特色,有酒吧、百货店和土产店等设施,加之小路旁有湖畔垂柳、木舟细浪等迷人风光,这里自然成为旅游者的大本营,小路也被冠以“摩梭风情路”的雅称。住在“风情路”上的摩梭家庭旅社,是好旅游的一个好开始。置身湖光山色中,你能清晰感觉到,纯净的空气慢慢沁入每一根血管的过程。你可以细细观赏木楞子房;可以走进神秘的母房看一看;或到酒吧里听听古老的“阿夏婚”故事;或来一碗鲜鱼汤,一杯酥理玛酒,品品泸沽湖阳光的味道;就是漫步小路,摩梭姑娘们也会向你展示一道美丽的风景。

泸沽湖西岸的大洛水村是湖畔最大的自然村。那里旅游业发展迅速,一列列民族式的旅馆都将明净的大窗子开向湖面。潮起潮落,日升星垂如在枕边。村里还组织了自己的船队和马队。游客多时独木舟如万箭齐发,穿梭湖上;马队浩浩荡荡,踏潮夕,观湖景;人欢马啸,一湖笑声。

在洛水流传着一则新故事:一个染上毒瘾不能自拔的城市姑娘来到洛水湖边,原打算在这片明山净水中了却残梦。但摩梭人接纳了她。母海的宽厚,女山的尊严和摩梭母家的融融暖意使她僵死的心得以复苏。她在一位母祖的呵护下隔绝外扰,静心养息,终于戒除毒瘾。当她的家人追寻到此时,她发誓不离洛水――这个她再生的母腹,并同一个男青年真诚相好,开始了她崭新的生活。这在摩梭人母系家庭史上,恐怕是前所未有的一例吧。

从大落水村可以乘坐猪槽船到湖中心的两个小岛,或者坐到其它村寨。如果想环湖游览,可以选择徒步或骑马,包一辆车也是不错的选择。

丽江的英文导游词 篇6

亲爱的旅客朋友们:

我是你们的导游。我叫青严茜,你们可以叫我小青。今天我们要去丽江古城。

丽江古城位于中国西南部云南省的丽江纳西族自治县,始建于公元13世纪后期。古城海拔2400余米,自古就是远近闻名的集市和重镇。古城现有居民25000余人。其中,纳西族占总人口绝大多数,有30%的居民仍在从事以铜银器制作、皮毛皮革、酿造业为主的传统手工业和商业活动。

在丽江古城区内的玉河水系上,修建有桥梁354座,其密度为平均每平方公里93座。桥梁较着名的有锁翠桥、大石桥、万千桥、南门桥、马鞍桥、仁寿桥,均建于公元14~19世纪。

古城里的五凤楼始建于明代公元1620xx年,楼高20米。因其建筑形制酷似五只飞来的彩凤,故名“五凤楼”,楼内的天花板上还绘有多种精美的图案。

丽江古城历史悠久,古朴自然。丽江民居既融和了汉、白、彝、藏各民族精华,又有纳西族的独特风采,是研究中国建筑史、文化史不可多得的重遗产。丽江古城包容着丰富的民族传统文化,是研人类文化发展的重要史料。

今天的旅行到此结束,拜拜。

丽江的英文导游词 篇7

说到丽江古城,我至今都记忆犹新。古色古香的小城,热情淳朴的丽江人,让我难以忘怀……今天我要带大家来到这里,和我一起领略丽江古城那独一无二的风采!

那是去年暑假,妈妈带我来到了丽江古城。一进门,一架古朴的木制风车便映入我的眼帘。大风车缓缓地转着,发出悦耳动听的流水声,让我情不自禁地幻想自己是不是来到了童话世界里。往里走,我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛!所有的房子都是用木头架起来的,透露着浓浓的自然味道,完完全全没有一丝一毫现代钢筋水泥的气息。用粗大的木头架起来的房子,一栋连着一栋,树干上一圈又一圈的年轮,似乎见证了古城的沧桑。再往里走,一幢尖顶小木屋出现在我的眼前,显得格外别致,格外突出。走近一看,原来是一个制作纪念小挂件的小商铺。这家小商铺里面的小挂件可和别的小挂件不一样,这里的小挂件上可以刻上你的名字,而反面,是世界上最早的字——东巴文字。哇!这么罕见的文字,我可一定要买一条留作纪念。

我爱的,不仅是古色古香的丽江古城,还有热情淳朴的丽江人……

中午,丽江人毫不吝啬地招待客人到自己家吃饭。圆桌上,是一道道具有当地特色的本地菜。他们投入百分之百的热情招待我们:他们连续不断地唱着云南当地的民歌,挥舞着手中的丝带,载歌载舞,热情似火!丽江人真是热情啊,至少在大都市,能歌善舞的人已经不多了。这次,我可要好好的“享受享受”!

傍晚时分,金色的夕阳更衬托出古城的美、古城的古老。古朴的小木屋,或是木制的大风车,古城的一切都变成金色的了,我又一次深深地陶醉在“童话世界”里了……

难忘丽江,难忘丽江的古城,难忘丽江古城充满浓厚人情味的人,什么时候,我愿再次来到这里,再来看一看这古色古香的小城,这独一无二的小城······

丽江的英文导游词 篇8

各位游客:

大家好,我姓洪,是你们这次游丽江古城的导游,希望大家在这次旅游中玩得开心。

我给大家讲了那么多,大家也看了那么多,但是马上就要进入古城了,怎么没有看到城门呢?其实各位嘉宾是看不到的,这也是丽江古城的一奇,看不到城门,也看不到城墙,因为古城根本没有城墙和城门,因为纳西族的头领姓“木”如果建了城墙和城门就变成了“困”字,所以古城没有城墙,也没有城门。

进了丽江古城,就看到四方街。四方街如蛛网似的交错,东南西北各有通往它的一条路。四方街由五彩石铺成,脚跟踩在五彩石上,听起来别有一番新意,那声音清脆,有些像银铃的声音。四方街可以说是古城的中心广场,自然装饰的漂亮、有特色啦,就连客栈都十分美丽。四方街客栈位于丽江古城四方街广场的中心位置,具有得天独厚的环境优势。客栈庭院内小桥流水、花木葱郁,继承了千百年来纳西民族的审美情趣,乃天人合一,和谐自然的生活观念。客栈每个房间的设计都独具特色,你可以在四方街里转转,绝对没有哪两个房间是相同的。

到了丽江古城一定要去放一下河灯哟!丽江古城还有一个很特别的习俗,就是放河灯。放河灯是丽江古城一种古老的习俗。据说每天夜晚,黑龙潭的龙王会顺着玉河水巡游古城,点放一盏河灯为龙王指路照明,不仅能保护古城的平安,更能使自己和家人得到龙王的保佑而在今后的日子里吉祥如意、心想事成。这个传说。放一盏河灯,许一个心愿。

丽江古城还有很多地方非常美丽,说也说不净,希望大家有机会去细细游赏。这次大家玩得开心吗?回答是肯定的吧!那下次有机会我还带你们来再次目睹丽江古城的风光,欢迎大家一次再来。

丽江的英文导游词 篇9

大家好,我是你们的导游——张希睿,你们可以叫我张导游。我将带大家游览古老美丽的丽江古城,请大家保管好自己的随身物品,不要乱扔垃圾,也不要乱涂乱画。谢谢大家的配合,祝大家旅途愉快。

游客们,丽江古城是世界文化遗产,现在我们来到了古城的入口,大家看到了,面前是伟大的主席亲自题写的字,还有两架古老的大水车,大家可以拍照留念。

水车常年转着,那“吱吱”的声音似乎欢庆着大家的到来。看,那边站着两个铜人,你们觉得雕刻得像不像?其实呀,那两个栩栩如生的铜人是活生生的人化妆而成的,大家喜欢的话就去拍照吧!

现在大家来到四方街,四方街可热闹了,特别是在一年一度的火把节,人们会篝火跳左脚舞呢!如果你觉得不好玩,你可以去逛街,买一些具有民族特色的布娃娃、围巾和鞋子,送给朋友和亲人,他们一定会喜欢,还可以拿出去炫耀炫耀呢!

大家一定很期待下一个景点是什么吧?朋友们,这可是个神奇的地方,“叫天天答应,叫地地答应”的东巴许愿风铃,在这里许下你的愿望吧!

下一个风景线是“蓝月谷”,蓝月谷是由玉龙雪山的冰雪融化成河水,从雪山的一条山谷流下形成的,因月亮在天空的映衬下倒映在蓝色的湖水中,所以故名“蓝月谷”。这是一个美丽浪漫的地方,大家可以在这自由活动啦!

游客们,今天我们的游览到此结束,希望大家能记住古城的神秘古老与热情美丽。欢迎大家下次再来,我们有缘再见!拜拜!

丽江的英文导游词 篇10

大家好!我是你们游览丽江古城的导游。我很高兴能与大家共度这快乐时光!我姓林,我叫大家可以叫我林导游就行了。

请大家跟我来。这里是丽江古城。我先给大家简单介绍一下丽江古城。丽江古城又名大研镇,坐落在丽江坝中部,称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”之一。它是中国历史文化名城中唯一没有城墙的古城。丽江古城地处云贵高原,海拔2400余米,全城面积达3。8平方公里,自古就是远近闻名的集市和重镇。古城现有居民6200多户,25000余人。其中,纳西族占总人口绝大多数,有30%的居民仍在从事以铜银器制作、皮毛皮革、纺织、酿造业为主的传统手工业和商业活动。

丽江古城内的街道依山傍水修建,铺的大多都是红色角砾岩,雨季不会泥泞、旱季也不会飞灰,石上花纹图案自然雅致。看,光滑洁净的青石板路、完全手工建造的土木结构的房屋、无处不在的小桥流水。

前面就是古城中心的四方街了。这里工艺品琳琅满目,人气兴旺。来古城没有不来四方街的。

丽江古城历史悠久,古朴自然。城市布局错落有致,既具有山城风貌,又富于水乡韵味。丽江民居既融和了汉、白、彝、藏各民族精华,又有纳西族的独特风采,很独特吧!

今天,我就给大家介绍到这里。祝大家旅愉快!记住你们出去看这里的什么东西的时候你们不能扔东西在地上,要扔就扔在垃圾箱里。你们在玩的时候要注意安全,自己的行李、东西保护好点。

教师点评:作为导游词你介绍的很详细,“请大家跟我来”“前面就是”这样的衔接也非常自然,好。但作为我们的作文导游词不必要面面俱到。

丽江的英文导游词 篇11

Many times, see words about lijiang in travel magazine. In the article, and can only be drifted off the outline of lijiang is roughly a shape. Finally unbearable curious and decided to look at himself.

What is real, just discover the charm of lijiang cannot hide.

Though lijiang experienced an earthquake hit, however, the ancient city of presented today in good condition, really impressive.

Although many visitors, but still not impede the perfection of its quiet beautiful.

If say the west lake calm without a billow of intrinsic lucrative ci, such as wide charm of the taihu lake and graceful belle, that in my eyes, the lijiang, more like a girl, not yet married in purdah with ignorance of limpid eyes looked at the tourists from all over the world. While her ignorance, not because of stupid and isolation, but inherent trust in the world, the pursuit of human nature is the most pure nature.

Walk alone along the green flag of the ancient city of lijiang road, despite the hustle and bustle around, but when listening to the baseboard and bluestone knocking sound, the heart is very quiet. Just want to live the rest of my life here, the sunrise, whether. More like the ancient way of life. Even if difficult, even without the neon of prosperous, but as long as you can with the stone road, stone bridge, clear water, the breeze stroke face everyday, wicker flying, is already enough.

With Ruth mood walk here, where a worry should step to the next, so long as accompanies with this beautiful have don't have to speak. Are not afraid to get lost, anyway, no matter when, the ancient city of of primitive simplicity of folk will refer to led me where is the way home. Now, only need to take daily life very precious hours to calm, will be enough.

After numerous small store on the way, what's inside, cheap delicate, fondle admiringly. Have no such impulse, want to buy many things, even if back also is useless, but now came in hand, no matter how to don't want to put down.

Manage to make do it is not possible. Repeatedly to weigh the pros and cons, bought a belt with the hand catenary of style restoring ancient ways. Put on the arm of the slender, have bigger, sliding up and down on the forearm. Small pieces of the chain OO rustling ringing off the hook, but how also won't feel upset. As the ancient town, always quiet and not anxious. So I think about it, no matter how impatient and calculating the daily, here, is inevitably stop stop to enjoy! What bargaining skill, here, with really will feel ashamed.

Clear water, without pollution. The young fish in the river, clever swinging tail, gently artful artful pick a spray to swim around. When looking at their corners of the mouth is can't help laughing. Like watching newborn children, with the changes have not experienced the vicissitudes of ethereal lively glides across the heart, provoking heart trembled, shake up a wave of tender.

Can't help but think of the very lovely to make a sentence: "fish swim, water is very lively."

I want to, and only the heart of a child will have such a special imagination! Similarly, only with a childlike have tarnished heart silently watching, can find the beauty of the ancient city of lijiang.

I have some things in life, is always help themselves. But I am glad, lijiang is also such a place, can let me calm down, and even content with life here, every day, as long as can look at the ancient city of every inch of land, every plant, every stone bridge, it is good.

So even if leave, as long as, in here, I return to the nature of innocence. Like a child, what to do, don't have to care about the consequences, as long as happy, as long as the feel this world purity, horse, would not regret.

Small bridge, flowing water, somebody else, in the heart very clear, I will never miss.

丽江的英文导游词 篇12

山和谷会谈恋爱的古时候,玉龙山下有一对钟情的人,男的名叫阿若,女的名叫阿命。阿若和阿命到了风云产区会酿雨水年龄的时候,他们在火把梨成熟的季节里悄悄地相爱了。火把节里播种下的爱情种子,也到了开花结果的时候了。天有不测的风云,阿若和阿命的自由恋爱,他们企求的不是结成白头偕老的夫妻,而是盼望着上玉龙山情死国里去情死,去过死后永远不衰老的恋人的生活。纳西族民间也有谚“情死一世,胜过坐三世皇帝”。阿若和阿命的自由恋爱,也违悖不了这个古老的规矩。他们对着圣洁的玉龙雪山剪下了一绺头发,虔诚地烧燃了合心香,也互递了信用的“尤吾”。(尤吾为爱情信物)相约在火把节里双双上玉龙情死国里去情死。

到了六月火把节,阿若和阿命将五月缠下的五彩花线手箍解下来焚进火把火里,阿命却上玉龙山赴情死的约会了。可是阿命从太阳偏西等到三星没落了,仍不见阿若哥哥赴情死的约会。老林里的白鹇鸟叫过头遍了,东山垭口泛起了太阳睡醒的一抹光亮,阿命仍不见阿若哥哥赴情死的约会。难道是阿若他失了信约,背叛了爱情的山盟海誓,或是他的爹妈发现了阿若情死心思的疑景,关在木楼上呢?白鹇鸟悲伤地叫过第二遍了,东方的天际抹白了银色的光亮。太阳是女神,等待太阳出来的时候,女神会耻笑胆小的女人。阿命想到这里,她拔下草乌毒药酒的瓶塞,嘴巴对着瓶口兜底喝了三口毒药酒。阿命神情安然地梳理了一下头发,她手捧着情死索,慢慢走近一棵情死树,她将情死索拴到了情死树上,挽了下勒脖子的绳扣,阿命对着玉龙山下的村寨说:“阿若哥呀,我先走了。”阿命情死在情死树上了。

阿命情死了,阿若他不是背叛爱情的失义人,是他的阿爸发现了阿若情死的疑景,他把儿子关在木楼上,才造成了阿命孤身殉情的悲剧。阿命殉情死了,她的纯洁的尸骨焚化了,化成了一缕洁白的白云袅袅地飘浮到玉龙山顶去了。阿命残情悲剧的谣言变成冰冷的时辰,阿若的阿爸暗忖:姑娘殉情死了,活着男人的情思也被扯断了,蝴蝶不见鲜花会忘记采花的欢乐,恋人死去了,火热的情火也会熄灭。阿爸收上的忧虎也慢慢熄灭了。他把阿若从木楼上放了出来,阿若又一次执起了牧羊的鞭子。

一天,太阳刚从山谷里睡醒的时辰,阿若赶着羊群向雪山牧场走去。太阳落山了,晚霞抹红了玉龙山顶的时候,阿若的羊群才赶拢雪山牧场。牧场上的青草依旧青青,淌过牧场的小溪水照样晶莹,阿若和阿命常靠的杉树仍旧挺拔,可是看不见了姑娘熟悉的倩景。山鸟慌惶地朝着老林落宿了,阿若也悲伤地走向牧棚,他落了盘缠,点燃起了牧棚里的火塘火。突然,从对面的杉树林里,传来了一声“阿哄哄”的呼唤声,阿若听了山里寻伴的呼唤声,难道山里也有放羊人落宿吗?阿若惊喜地走出了牧棚,冲着夜色浸染的老林,也喊起了“阿哄哄”回应声。随着呼唤声出现了一群身着白裙子的姑娘,这群姑娘像一堵白云,悠悠地朝着阿若走过来了。阿若瞪大着眼睛看着这群姑娘,怎么身着白裙子的姑娘为何看不见她们的头颅。这不是,它是一群情死鬼,是找阿若索命债了。阿若浑身骇出了一身冷汗他慌惶地跑了回来,开了关羊群的栅栏门,一头钻进羊群里躲藏起来。这群身着白裙子的情死鬼,知道阿若躲藏在羊群里,走近棚栏边,羊群看见了情死鬼,咩地一声惊骇了,情死鬼接近不了阿若(据传鬼怕羊群)。夜色抹黑了黑山洁白的脸,情死鬼们在杉树林里烧起了绿莹莹的篝火,在蓝幽幽的火光的照映下,阿若突然看见了一个神奇的事情,发现密麻麻的杉树林朝着四面隐退了,环着绿色的篝火出现了一块坦展的草坪,情死鬼们嘻笑着,环围喷吐蓝焰的篝火,跳起了“阿蒙达”歌舞,舞 圈里有着阿命熟悉的舞姿,时而情死鬼们又环着篝火弹起了口弦,弦音里也有阿命钟情的弹弦声,歌声和弦音里诉说着阿命失了伴侣的苦衷,也谴责着阿若对爱情背叛的怨恨,是阿命向阿若来索取情死的欠债了。

雪山起冷风了,三星西斜了,杉树林里的白鹇鸟啼叫了,阿若看见这群情死鬼倏地隐遁了,太阳光很愉抹红了雪山的脸盘,一夜被情死鬼们闹腾的杉树林又沉入寂静了。阿若从羊群里慌惶地爬了出来,看见昨天杉树林里密林如竹林的地方,今晨却出现了一块坦展的坪场。阿若面对着情死鬼的坪场上踩出舞圈的印迹,他也说不清是心有内疚,还是思念殉情的恋人。阿若呆呆地坐在坪场的中央,突然阿若的耳畔传响着爱神尤主阿注和格图喜卦诱逗青年男女的悦声愉音:“请到不耕耘泥土会发黑,不撒种籽禾苗会发绿的乐土来吧;没有吸血的蚊子,没有吃肉苍蝇的乐土来吧;红虎当乘骑,马鹿当耕牛,雉鸡当晨鸡,狐狸当看家狗的情死国来吧,来喝高山清泉水,来吮花树上的蜜露水,来挤神母牛的奶浆,裁一件衣裳永世穿不烂,活着永远是青年不会变衰老的情死国来吧。”阿若听了爱神的一声幻化百声千音的悦音愉声,他的内心禁不住泛起了深沉的孤独的忧思,心上泛起了一缕厌恶凡尘俗世的情思,他向往着乐土的快乐,神志恍惚地从坪场上走出来,喃喃自语着:“阿命妹呀,等等我,哥也来了。”

阿若忧伤地走到杉林里,他选择了一棵枝干虬龙的老杉树,把勒脖索子挂在树上,阿若也殉情死了。阿若殉情死了的那棵情死树,也是阿命殉情死的那棵情死树,两个情人先后吊死在一棵情死树上,他们到雪山情死国的乐土去团聚了。

从这以后,对这块抱在玉龙大雪山怀里的青草坪子,人们称它为游抚阁,每年一到六月火把节,纳西族的青年男女,捧着爱神的具像,到游抚阁(坪)祭祀爱神和情死鬼。凡纳西青年男女相约殉情了,殉情者得上游抚阁(坪)情死,或选一棵朝雪山的情煞费苦心树殉情,这样情死者死后方能到雪山情死国里,也才会得到爱神的收留。记不清这方抱在玉龙雪山怀里,四环杉树拥抱的情死鬼们开辟的神奇歌场(游抚阁)何年何月改为云杉坪了。古老的纳西人只知道玉龙山的怀抱里,有一方杉树林环围的拥抱在雪山怀里的神秘的“游抚阁”(坪)。

丽江的英文导游词 篇13

云南省丽江市宁蒗县永宁乡落水村委会隶属宁蒗彝族自治县永宁乡,地处乡东边,距乡政府所在地30.00公里,到乡道路为土路,交通不方便,距县93公里。东邻四川,南邻宁蒗县红桥乡,西邻木底箐村委会,北邻永宁村委会。全村有耕地总面积3790亩,均为旱地。落水村有独特的民族风情旅游资源和风景旅游资源等。

落水村,属于半山区。距离村委会0.00公里,距离镇30.00公里,国土面积55.60平方公里,海拔2700.00米,年平均气温9.30℃,年降水量1200.00毫米,适宜种植洋芋、荞子、燕麦等农作物。有耕地3992.76亩,其中人均耕地0.00亩;有林地18195.76亩。全村辖11个村民小组,有农户740户,有乡村人口3331人,其中农业人口3278人,劳动力1700人,其中从事第一产业人数1109人。20xx年全村经济总收入2052.00万元,农民人均纯收入4401.00元。农民收入主要以旅游业为主。

落水村--分为上落水和下落水,公路西侧、房屋较矮小的一片屋群叫上落水,这里的民居较古老;公路东侧紧依湖畔且房屋高大的一片屋群叫下落水,这里因旅游业的发展,都已是几层楼的现代民居了。而无论上落水的老民居,还是下落水的新民居,它们都是全木结构的房屋,四壁用削皮后的圆木,两端砍上卡口衔楔垒摞而成,屋顶则用木板铺盖,上压石块,整幢房屋不用一颗钉子,也不用砖瓦,它不仅冬暖夏凉,而且用衔楔整架结构而特别防震。这就是摩梭人的木楞房。

丽江的英文导游词 篇14

Lijiang is a very ethnic characteristics. Even the airport antique. Lijiang ancient city construction are all local naxi style. And modern city. And the city can't driving, only line of the horse.

Only the ancient city inn no hotel, we stayed at a place great inn. Neighbour to the lively square street, inside inn is very quiet, style is a bit like Beijing courtyard house, this is the building of the naxi nationality.

The first day we went to the mu's residence.

Mu's residence, also called wood palace. Is a local tusi (local highest officials) office and living place. Impressive, really a little emperor's taste.

Into a big family, is the place that toast in the office, there is a chair. Covered with a real tiger skins, toast will accept minister worship here, in front of the chair there is a carpet, by the minister.

The second is to collect books pavilion, called Wan Juanlou. This building was the tallest building, there are three layers. The first layer is toast the place of study. Only a few tables and chairs, there is a display case, demonstrates the toast studying buddhist scriptures. On the second floor is the place of books, put the two rows of big bookcase, but no books in it. The display case in front of the several modern book. From the third floor can see jade dragon snow mountain, the mountain is the second mountain in yunnan province. There is also a toast rest place.

After we went to the HuFaDian. Here is the place of our ancestors. A statue standing in front, before the gods have a tablet, it read: emperor division, it means: to worship the first day, and then, next is the emperor, relatives, teachers.

"Local tyrant" worthy. This toast mu's residence built well. But why call "mu's residence? Because before, in lijiang, a few name of wood, ordinary people are first and last, now or so. So a person, if the name is wood, his house is a few before, first and last, it is people. Neither without last name and surname wood, that is not local.

The next day we went to the jade dragon snow mountain.

From the bottom up, has been can feel cold. Although not all covered with snow on the mountain, but also can see a glacier. We take little bolts in the mountain. Unfortunately, cableway in maintenance. Small cableway only up to the sea dials 3000 while large cableway to 4506 m.

Can see the snow on the mountain peaks. This mountain is not high, but it has never been conquered. Because of the mountains, rocks have been weathered couldn't climb up.

Then we rode to the spruce meadow. Here are all spruce trees, has a long history. Like a guard, protected the snow mountain. Snow mountain is like a old man, take care of the spruce. The land of wild flowers, spruce, snow-capped mountains and rainbow, formed a unique landscape.

On the third day, we come to city sea horse. One to the racecourse, first heard a few clear and crisp scream. I was the first time in close contact and horses. These horses are all brown and black, there is no "prince charming".

Our road right away. Ride a horse don't like to ride a bike, how to ride it. Ride a horse to put straight to the bottom, otherwise will uncomfortable, will run wild. I would have felt before. The body forward, up/down the body leaned back, this also should pay attention to.

Along the way, although invisible stream but also can hear the sound stream. Made of green barrier, there are still those dots of light. The owner told us that this is the tea horse road site. Caravan is go here before. Caravan carrying the goods such as tea, silk with horses to groups of other countries. So here is the tea horse road.

At noon, we ate a caravan of rice. Actually is also a plate hoosh with rice, but also quite tasty. Finished we'll ride down the hill.

One to the foot, kaka (I) the name of the horse will gallop. The reason. But really not the kui is kaka, run very fast. My head turned 360 degrees, but I'm not dizzy, don't be left out.

The fourth day, we came to da cuo national park.

First of all, we came to belong to all. The scenery is too beautiful. Mountain by water, water, surrounded by mountains; Mountain water, mountain water. Still can see the green lake, as if returned to the development of science and technology haven't before. From any Angle, a lake with pictures of any kind of camera, can when the computer desktop.

Then another unnamed lake. Go for a short time under the sudden hail! The first time I saw the hail, bean big grains of ice fall down, it's beautiful. The lake at the air after the rain, as if to fairyland. Mist, real or imagined.

To lijiang, it was worthwhile!

丽江的英文导游词 篇15

Dear visitors, everybody is good, very glad to be your tour guide, my name is dai, you can call me wear guide, today we're visiting place ─ ─ of lijiang.

You come with me. Here is the old town of lijiang. Lijiang has the dual nature and culture charm known as forget time, also known as "one of the most preserved ancient city of the big four". It is China's famous historical and cultural city not only in the ancient city wall. Lijiang ancient city is located in the yunnan-guizhou plateau, 2400 meters above sea level, the area of the city 3. 8 square kilometers. Now we came to the tiger leaping gorge.

There is a legend. Nu river, lancang river and jinsha river is the three sisters, sister nujiang love angry, two elder sister love try so hard, the lancang river three younger sister jinshajiang wanxian. Parents would send three sisters marry to the west, jinsha river dark about two sisters fled to south. Came to the town of lijiang, shek kwu, two sisters would continue to head south, jinsha river is determined to go to the east of the sun, just say goodbye to my sister, and turned toward the east, and formed the "Yangtze river first bay". Parents send yulong, khabarov brothers pursuit of the three sisters. Sit face to face two brothers came to lijiang white sands, blocking the way to the east. Run tired, two people take turns to wait agreement, who as French WenZhan let sisters. Turn khabarov waiting, yulong fell asleep.

Jinsha river before, put light footsteps, singing beautiful hypnosis. Her a gift for 18 teams, khabarov listen also fell asleep. Jinsha river from their feet slipped between the past. Yulong wake up and see the jinsha river ran to the east, early and khabarov still in a deep sleep, so we have to according to the French cut down khabarov head, turns back and wept bitterly. Two brothers turned to jade dragon snow mountain and haba snow mountain, khabarov head into a boulder fell into the river, tiger leaping gorge, and jinsha river sing eighteen song into 18 beach, tiger leaping gorge.

There are beautiful scenes of lijiang, could not say. The rest of the time, we are free to take pictures, pay attention to safety.

丽江的英文导游词 篇16

落水欢迎大家来到这里,下面我来为大家介绍一下!

村--分为上落水和下落水,公路西侧、房屋较矮小的一片屋群叫上落水,这里的民居较古老;公路东侧紧依湖畔且房屋高大的一片屋群叫下落水,这里因旅游业的发展,都已是几层楼的现代民居了。而无论上落水的老民居,还是下落水的新民居,它们都是全木结构的房屋,四壁用削皮后的圆木,两端砍上卡口衔楔垒摞而成,屋顶则用木板铺盖,上压石块,整幢房屋不用一颗钉子,也不用砖瓦,它不仅冬暖夏凉,而且用衔楔整架结构而特别防震。这就是摩梭人的木楞房。

下落水湖边有条弯曲的砾石小路,路边的摩梭人都把自己家改建成旅社,随小路一溜排开的木楞子房一幢比一幢漂亮而有特色,有酒吧、百货店和土产店等设施,加之小路旁有湖畔垂柳、木舟细浪等迷人风光,这里自然成为旅游者的大本营,小路也被冠以“摩梭风情路”的雅称。住在“风情路”上的摩梭家庭旅社,是好旅游的一个好开始。置身湖光山色中,你能清晰感觉到,纯净的空气慢慢沁入每一根血管的过程。你可以细细观赏木楞子房;可以走进神秘的母房看一看;或到酒吧里听听古老的“阿夏婚”故事;或来一碗鲜鱼汤,一杯酥理玛酒,品品泸沽湖阳光的味道;就是漫步小路,摩梭姑娘们也会向你展示一道美丽的风景。

丽江的英文导游词 篇17

各位游客:

今天我们要去丽江古城游览。我国有两大古城被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录,它们分列一南一北,各具特色,北方是山西的平遥古城,南方是云南的丽江古城。丽江古城由大研、白沙、束河三个相对独立的城建单元组成,大研古城是它们的集中代表,所以人们也常常把大研古城叫做丽江古城。从地域来讲,丽江大研古城是一座驰名中外的少数民族高原古城。

[大研古城的位置→历史]

大研古城位于丽江盆地的中心。请看盆地西南角耸立着酷似书天巨笔的文笔峰,丽江盆地则像一方碧玉做成的大砚台,古时“研”和“砚”相通,所以古城就叫大研,难怪人们说丽江文化昌盛是因为丽江钟灵毓秀、地灵人杰。

古城形成于宋末元初,明清以来一直是滇西北商贸中心和连接滇川藏的茶马古道重镇,至今已有800多年历史了。古城面积3.8平方公里,海拔2400米左右,居住着6200余户人家,常住人口约有2.5万多人,其中纳西族人口约占67%。丽江古城在1986年12月8日被国务院公布为国家历史文化名城,1997年12月4日又被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产。

[古城选址]

丽江古城除了同苏州古城一样具有“小桥流水人家”的特色外,还在古城选址、街道布局、纳西民居等方面别具一格。古城北靠金虹山,西倚狮子山,东南向着千顷沃野,地势北高南低。这样的位置,冬阻西北寒流,夏送东南暖风,使古城冬暖夏凉,气候舒适宜人,我们身边的玉河水则为古城提供了洁净而充足的水源。可以说,古城的选址是十分科学的。

[水车→照壁→水龙柱]

我们面前的水车,有人说它是子母水车,也有人说它是情人水车。过去古城里就有水车,今天在一些偏远地方也还在使用。它可以用来舂米磨面,如果人住在高处或要灌溉的田地在高处,但水在低处流,还可以用它来提水。

水车旁是写有江题词的照壁,古城里有三房一照壁的民居,那照壁就像这个样子。照壁右侧是水龙柱。龙是管水的,古城里的土木建筑最怕火,但水能克火,所以立了这个水龙柱,以表达古城人民免除火灾的愿望。千百年来,古城人民像爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护古城,也请各位朋友像古城人民一样爱护古城,不乱扔烟头垃圾。

[世界遗产徽记→石刻墙→巴格图]

再看世界文化遗产徽记图案。外圈呈圆形代表地球、代表大自然;正方形内框为两只手合围,代表人类的创造;圆圈和方框内外密切相连,表示人与自然要和谐统一,丽江古城就是人与自然和谐统一的杰作。环绕圆圈的文字,分别是中文、英文、法文的“世界遗产”一词。

右边的这堵石刻墙,采用丹霞地貌区特有的砂岩雕成,是因整治古城外围环境,于1999年建成的景观。这堵巨型浮雕墙,高9米,长55米,名为“丽江古城盛世图”,展现了世界文化遗产丽江古城的白沙古镇、束河古镇、大研古城三个片区的古代日常生活场景。其代表性场景有白沙壁画、束河四方街、大石桥、大研四方街,还刻有东巴象形文字、纳西古乐演奏、男耕女织、古城民居大屋顶,是一幅浓郁的纳西风情画,称得上是丽江的“清明上河图”。

我们脚下是“巴格图”,又叫青蛙八卦图,是纳西先民根据五行学说创造的占卜工具。图案正中爬着一只青蛙,背上似有占卜经文,腹部横穿着一支箭,象征五方五行五色八位。箭杆朝东,象征“木”,木色青;蛙嘴朝南,嘴吐“火”,火色红;蛙腹居中,化为“土”,土色黄;箭头朝西,象征“铁”,铁色白;蛙尾朝北,撒出“水”,水色黑。此外,蛙的左肢指向东南,右肢指向西南,左脚指向东北,右脚指向西北,加上东、南、西、北,象征八方卦位。图案周围标有十二种动物形象,从正东方起的次序是寅虎、卯兔、辰龙、巳蛇、午马、未羊、申猴、酉鸡、戌犬、亥猪、子鼠、丑牛。这样,木、火、土、铁、水五行各配公母而得十,然后循环配与十二种动物而得六十序数。民间东巴祭司以青蛙躯体部位象征宇宙空间方位,布局阴阳五行、十天干、十二地支、八方八门,使之形成了特殊的占卜图,用来解释自然界,预测人类生活。巴格图对研究纳西先民的原始宇宙观,乃至对研究八卦起源,都具有重要的参考价值。

[古城布局]

古城的街道和房屋布局,可以说是以水为脉,随势自然。象山脚下的黑龙潭泉水流出千米长的玉河,玉河泉水在这里分为西河、中河、东河,在古城里再分成更多的支流走街过巷,穿墙进院,流遍全城,使丽江古城富有小桥流水人家的审美情趣。古城的街道、房屋随着水势、山势自然伸展,与我国许多古城的方正严整的棋盘式布局迥然不同,更体现出一种“天人合一”的园林之美。以水为脉的布局也告诉我们,如果哪位朋友在古城中迷了路,那么,只要逆流而上就能走出古城,走到入口这里。下面就请大家跟我沿着西河畔的新华街进入古城吧!

[五花石街道]

可能有的朋友已注意到我们脚下的铺路石,这叫五花石。古城里铺的都是这种美丽的砂砾石板,经过千百年人马的踩磨,已经相当光滑。这样的街道旱不灰、雨不泥,如果是在阵雨过后进古城,街道被雨水冲刷得干干净净,就像一条五彩斑斓的“花道”伸向远方,简直美不胜收。这种五花石是花岗石的一种,古城里铺的都是这种石头,难怪日本客人说:“你们丽江人真阔气呀!”

[小桥→流水→人家]

大家看,我们左边是西河,它流向四方街,流向木府,我们的右边是随着山势而建的纳西民居。这里玉水滢滢,垂柳依依,木桥座座,瓦屋鳞鳞,一幅“小桥流水人家”的景色。据统计,在古城3.8平方公里的范围内就有石拱桥、石板桥、栎木桥365座。丽江古城既是一座水城,也是一座桥城。水,对古城来说,是脉络,是血液,水使古城充满活力,水给古城平添秀色。可以说,没有了水,丽江古城将失去一半的妩媚。

游客们,在这古城里,除了这水给古城带来活力外,还有一个给古城带来活力的方面,那就是居民。直到今天,以纳西族为主的各族人民仍然工作和生活在古城里。他们自然祥和的生活,使古城古风犹存而又生机盎然,因此人们又把丽江古城誉为“活着的古城”。大家随时可以见到纳西大妈们,身着宽腰大袖上衣,腰系百褶围腰,背披七星羊皮,在经商,在娱乐。她们年轻时披星戴月地劳作,现在则老有所为,老有所乐。她们有时在古城中联袂而行,成为与古城十分和谐的一道风景,请各位注意观察。

[四方街]

游客们,现在我们到了四方街。四方街是古城的中心广场,它是由成排连接的铺面围成的一块近似长方形的广场街面,街场占地约有6亩。为什么叫四方街,主要有两种说法:一种说法是因为广场的形状很像方形的知府大印,由土司取名叫四方街,取“权镇四方”之意。也有人说是因为这里的道路通向四面八方,是四面八方的人流、物流集散地,所以叫四方街。四方街为什么这样有名呢?如果说我国北方有一条世界闻名的贸易通道——丝绸之路的话,那么,我国南方也有一条被称为“茶马古道”的贸易通道,它是藏区以及丽江的马匹、毛皮、药材等特产和南方的茶叶、丝绸、珠宝等商品的一条贸易通道,丽江古城是茶马古道上的重镇,而四方街则是这个重镇的贸易中心。

古往今来,白天,这里商贾云集,买卖兴隆,并且自然地归行划市,连周围的几座桥都成了一些商品的专卖地,如科贡坊前的这座桥叫“卖豌豆桥”,西南角的这座桥叫“卖鸭蛋桥”。到了夜晚,特别是节日的夜晚,这里又成了各族儿女的歌坛舞池,人们燃起篝火,在这里对唱山歌,跳起锅庄、阿丽哩、芦笙舞,通宵达旦。如果你巧逢这样的盛会,也会情不自禁地加入到他们的行列中。明代木公土司的诗句“一匝芦笙吹未断、踏歌起舞月明中”,就是这种盛况的真实写照。

也许大家已注意到四方街并不水平,而是向东稍有倾斜,这是为什么呢?四方街就如纳西谚语所说的,是个除了鸡辔头什么都有卖的热闹集市,没几天就会有许多垃圾,古城又没有固定的清洁工,古城人民就根据地势,巧妙地利用西河水自然冲洗街场。做法是:下午集市散了,人们就用三块铺板在街头河上一闸,西河水就漫上河岸流向街场,四周店铺的主人则用棍子乘着水势挑拨,污水流入东河,去灌溉千顷农田。利用河水自流洗街,既干净,又免了扫地之劳,这在我国的城市中恐怕是绝无仅有的。

[科贡坊]

这是科贡坊,原来是为这个小巷里杨家的“一门三举”而建的。丽江在清朝的雍正元年,也就是公元1723年实行“改土归流”,即由原来的土司统治改变为由中央政府委派的有一定任期的流官统治,丽江从此就由封建领主社会进入了封建地主社会。社会制度的变革极大地激发了民间子弟的读书热情,从“改土归流”到清末废除科举180年的时间里,丽江先后出了六十几位举人和七位进士。“一门三举”在文化发达的中原地区不足为奇,可在丽江这样一个长期由土司统治的边疆少数民族地区,却是一桩具有轰动效应的大喜事,于是官府和民众捐资在这里建了一座两层的科贡坊。清朝末年,这个小巷里又出了丽江最后一位进士和庚吉,于是乡亲们在被烧毁后的原址上重建科贡坊,并且升为三层。实际上,从“改土归流”到清末取消科举,光古城就有两家“一门三举”。现在,人口只有三十多万的纳西族,却拥有成百的专家教授;每年的高考录取人数,按人口平均数在省内也一直名列前茅。可以说,纳西族是一个崇尚文化、善于学习的民族。好了,大家可以在四方街活动30分钟,也可以买一些土特产和纪念品,30分钟后在这里集合。下面我们前往“纳西四合院”参观。

[纳西民居→四季博古]

纳西族的善于学习也反映在古城的民居建设上。古城民居在广泛吸收汉、白、藏等民族建筑文化的同时,也把本民族的建筑文化和审美意识融其中,形成了许多具有纳西特色的三房一照壁、四合五天井、前后院、一进两院等等,并在门楼、前廊的设置和天井铺地、门窗隔扇等方面形成了浓郁的地方特色和民族特色。目前,整个丽江古城(包括白沙、束河)的重点保护民居共有140户,而大研古城里就有112户。现在我们就进入“纳西四合院”参观。这是四合五天井,四合就是东南西北四方房屋,每相邻两房之间有一个小天井,加上中间的大天井共有五个天井,所以叫四合五天井。这四方房屋的楼上楼下都是相通的,所以又叫“走马转角楼”。大家看,这四方房屋的前檐柱下都垫有很高的五花石柱础,既保护了柱脚,又很美观,却不利于房屋的防震抗震,而丽江可是一个多地震区啊!主人难道不懂得这一点吗?大家说呢?原来,这种“走马转角楼”有一个特点,就是相邻两房有一棵前檐柱是共用的,两房的山架斗在同一棵柱子上,建筑上称之为“同梁合柱”。这种结构,不仅省了一棵柱子,还使房屋间的连接更加牢固,具有良好的抗震性能,所以主人才用那么高的柱础。

如果问这个四合院里哪一部分最富有纳西特色,那就是堂屋的六合门和六合门上的窗芯——“四季博古”。虽说这些也是学习汉族、白族文化的结果,但是到了现在,已没有哪一个民族像纳西族这样居家必有六合门,必有四季博古。这六合门,可装可卸,方便灵活,开则为门,关则为窗,平时只开中间两扇,遇有红白二事、客人较多时,六扇门均可卸下来。所雕的窗芯称为四季博古,构图内容多为四季花卉、博古器物,以寄托纳西人民四季吉祥、福禄寿禧、耕读传家的美好意愿。大家看,这叫“松鹤同春”,寓“春”和“寿”;这是“喜鹊争梅”,寓“冬”和“禧”;这是“鹰立菊丛”,寓“秋”和“福”;这是“鹭鸶采莲”,寓“夏”和“禄”;这是“孔雀玉兰”、“锦鸡牡丹”,请大家展开联想,看看它们有何寓意。

[丽江紫禁城“木府”]

现在我们就顺着木府的护城河前往木府。姓木的土司曾统治丽江四百多年,在占尽天时地利的狮子山麓,营造了规模宏大的土司府衙,被人们称为木府,护城河从北、东、南三面环绕着木府。大家会说,这也算护城河吗?原来护城河是又宽又深的,“改土归流”后,随着土司势力的衰落,护城河就越来越小了。

丽江古城还有一奇,那就是古城没有城墙,这是为什么呢?请大家回答。我来提示一下:土司姓木,而且历代土司热心于学习汉文化,也讲究文字避讳,请大家从汉字上去考虑。对了,木家居住的地方如果筑了城墙,就如同“木”字加了个框,成了“困”字,这当然不行。还有别的什么原因,就请大家见仁见智,议论一番吧!

木府快到了,我们面前的这座木牌坊上写着什么?“天雨流芳”,对。这“天雨流芳”四个字,原是明代的木公土司写的,后来散佚,现在我们看到的,是纳西族书法家、云南省书法家协会主席李群杰先生补书的。这四个字,既可以用汉语解释,同时它又是一句纳西话。用汉语可解释为“皇恩浩荡像春雨一样滋润着神州大地”;在纳西语里,“天雨流芳”是“去看书吧”的意思,真可谓一语双意,别出心裁。

木府到了。据说木府是仿照北京紫禁城建造的,这种僭越本分的做法,在等级森严的古代是决不允许的,因此,木氏土司从不让外人进去,连徐霞客也不例外。徐霞客受木增土司的邀请,在1639年明朝末期来到丽江,远望着楼阁巍峨的木府,在他的《徐霞客游记》里写下了“宫室之丽、拟于王者”的感叹,这句话已写在东边的照壁上。

这座石拱桥形似马鞍,叫金鞍桥,又叫玉带桥。这座桥之特殊在于它的长宽之比,一般的石拱桥,长比宽要长,这座桥则不然,它长仅3米,宽却达9.6米,这是为什么呢?原来木氏土司出巡或者回府,总是八抬大轿以示显赫威严,桥太窄当然不行,还同时考虑到这桥与高大的忠义坊之间的呼应协调。

木氏土司对中央政府忠心耿耿,上贡不断,特别是明朝万历年间,据说木增土司曾用马帮驮着万两金银,万里迢迢到京城进贡,明神宗大受感动,钦赐“忠义”二字,并下圣旨建这忠义石牌坊。土司对朝廷的忠义还可以从木府大门的对联上看出来,“凤诏每来红日近,鹤书不到白云闲”。这副对联来自木泰土司所写的纳西族第一首汉文诗《两关使节》,意思是皇帝的诏书一来,就好像离太阳更近了,感到十分温暖;如果好久没接到朝廷的文书,那么,就觉得天上的白云都懒散了。请大家进木府参观。

[仁寿桥→大石桥→阿溢璨]

现在我们前往百岁坊、大石桥、阿溢璨游览。大家看,在临街的房屋中,有的不是正面朝街,而是山墙一面朝街,对这一点,与梁思成齐名的我国著名建筑学家刘敦桢教授1938年来丽江考察时曾给予很高的评价。请大家想一想山面朝街的优点。由于中式建筑不太高大,屋坡又长,如果正面朝街则采光不足,所以山面朝街的优点是采光好。

仁寿桥到了。这是中河,这里本来只有栎木桥,清朝后期这个巷道里一户纳西人家出现过一位长寿老人,叫年世光,他活了108岁,一时传为佳话。于是,官府和街坊捐银建了这座仁寿桥,又叫百岁坊桥,并在东边五六十米处建过一座木制的百岁坊,这个巷道也就叫百岁坊了。

现在我们到了大石桥。这座桥建于明代,已有五六百年的历史。它是古城中最大的石拱桥,是古城的东、西两个部分的交通要道。“大石桥”名符其实,它又是四方街集市的延伸,曾经是麻布的专卖地,所以又叫卖麻布桥。

游到这里,大家对古城可算是一饱眼福啦。如果大家还想一饱口福的话,可别忘了抽个时间到附近的街巷里品尝丽江粑粑和鸡豆凉粉,它们可是丽江最著名的风味小吃。您既可以来个丽江粑粑酥油茶,或者来一个丽江粑粑鸡豆凉粉,这鸡豆凉粉还可以趁热蘸粑粑,也可以凉拌了吃。不论哪种吃法,都能让你余香满口,回味不已。

现在我们前往阿溢璨。丽江古城开始是由中河两岸的若干村落发展、连接而成,阿溢璨是最早的村落之一。我们面前的泉水井叫阿溢璨水井,井水甘冽纯净,据说还有养颜益寿的功效。井旁的碗是为方便行人喝水而放置的,由此也可以看出丽江民风之淳朴。在过去,古城里有乡规民约,晚上十点前后到第二天的早上十点前后,是居民到河里打饮用水的时间,任何人不得在河里浣洗或扔垃圾。假如过了这段时间还要打饮用水,就要到散布在古城中的单眼泉水井或三眼井里去打,这就保证了古城居民的生活用水。

[大研古乐会→东巴宫]

我们左边东大街有著名的大研古乐会和东巴宫,他们的古乐演奏各有特色。丽江目前有十几支这样的古乐队活跃在城乡。这里演奏的古乐分为“白沙细乐”和“丽江洞经音乐”两个部分。“白沙细乐”是土生土长的纳西音乐,是我国四大古乐之一,有笃、一封书、三思吉等调子,曲调舒缓深沉,缠绵悱恻。“丽江洞经音乐”原来是宫廷和道教音乐,有一江风、山坡羊、水龙吟等曲牌,由于丽江特殊的地理位置和纳西人民对古乐的钟爱,许多在中原地区已经失传的曲牌,却在云岭深处的丽江保存了下来。经过在丽江几百年的流传,已具有比较浓郁的纳西韵味,所以叫“丽江洞经音乐”。纳西古乐的演奏以“三古”著称于世。哪三古呢?古乐曲、古乐器、古稀老人。在古乐演奏中,除了传统的笛子、云锣、古筝等等以外,还有波伯、苏古笃等在外地难得一见的古乐器,加上演奏者多是白髯飘飘的耄耋老人。在古色古香的氛围里聆听古乐,会觉得古风拂面,超凡脱俗,油然而生“此曲只应天上有、人间哪得几回闻”的感觉,从而起到陶冶情操、净化灵魂的作用。今晚我们要去聆听纳西古乐,到时候再作详细介绍。

过去,这附近有许多客栈,有的专门接待茶马古道上往来的藏族马帮。有马帮就得有草料,我们面前的这块空地叫卖草场,这里既卖骡马的草料,也卖编草席草鞋的稻草、山草等等。这条街上有好几家土特产和木雕商店,欢迎大家参观选购。

现在我们已走到了东河边。大家还可顺道去东大街参观“金钥匙文化宫”与“和志刚书斋”。

[金钥匙文化宫]

在古城东大街“金钥匙文化宫”内挂着一把巨型钥匙,它是20__年为丽江古城列入世界文化遗产5周年而做的,纯铜打制,高20__毫米,宽716毫米,厚72毫米,重800余斤,象征着丽江古城800多年的历史。钥匙手柄正面刻有世界文化遗产标识,标识右下刻有金钥匙的纳西象形文字,左有音译“涵紫谷”字样,再往下是纳西族东巴祭司头上戴的五幅冠示意图案,也是暗喻丽江古城曲折的街道水系。驮载巨型钥匙的神龟象征健康长寿,显得稳重如山,也象征“涵紫谷”这一纳西文化的厚重和悠远。

“丽江金钥匙”是由丽江嘉和有限公司于20__年8月8日投资260万元开发研制,并获国家专利的丽江标志性旅游纪念品。目前投放市场的金钥匙,已有纯金、纯铜、纯银、铜合金、银渡金等不同质地、不同规格、不同包装的二十多种产品。近年来,丽江嘉和公司还把“金钥匙”作为一种对人的夸奖和评价,奖给那些能干的人和长寿的人。

[和志刚书斋]

和志刚是纳西族残疾人书法家,被誉为口书奇才。他的口书作品笔墨浑厚酣畅,独具“雄鹰折翅、志在蓝天”的风格。和志刚于1968年出生在丽江白沙古镇一户纳西农家,11岁时不慎触电,导致双臂高位截肢,但他人如其名,志坚毅刚,投入多于常人数倍的努力读完高中,同时用常人难以想象的毅力苦练书法,用嘴咬住笔杆,练出一“口”好书法。和志刚于20__年荣获“中国第十四届全国十大杰出青年”称号,位于古城东大街的“和志刚书斋”也被列为丽江市青少年教育基地。

[世界遗产丽江古城标志碑]

这座标志碑的整体造型以纳西族东巴文的“人”字为基础,碑上嵌着世界遗产徽记和纳西族神话传说中人类始祖的造像,突出“以人为本、创造历史”的寓意,体现“各族儿女与山河日月同辉”的主题。东巴经《崇搬图》中说,经过洪水浩劫之后,世间仅有崇忍利恩一人存活下来,后来他与天界仙女衬红褒白成婚,并从天上带着谷种、牛马,来到丽江过上农耕生活。衬红褒白生了三个儿子,长子说的是藏族话,次子说纳西话,三子说白族话,他们分别成了藏族、纳西族、白族的祖先。

游客们,今天我们跨过了古城的西河、中河、东河,不,我们跨过了上千年的时间隧道,从“清明上河图”中走了出来,即将汇入现代都市的车水马龙,希望丽江古城的小桥流水美景和丰富的民族文化给大家留下美好的记忆,也感谢大家对我工作的支持,谢谢大家。

丽江导游词4

丽江古城位于中国西南部云南省的丽江市,丽江古城又名大研镇,坐落在丽江坝中部,与同为第二批国家历史文化名城的四川阆中、山西平遥、安徽歙县并称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”大研古城是一座没有城墙的古城,光滑洁净的青石板路、完全手工建造的土木结构的房屋、无处不在的小桥流水。大研古城是一座具有浓烈人文气息的小城,明亮的阳光下,总会有步履缓慢的上了年纪的纳西老人悠闲地踱步,他们身着藏满历史的靛蓝色衣服,头戴红军时期的八角帽,对眼前身后猎奇的目光视而不见、不屑一顾。

丽江古城内的街道依山傍水修建,铺的大多都是红色角砾岩,雨季不会泥泞、旱季也不会飞灰,石上花纹图案自然雅致,与整个古城环境相得益彰。位于古城中心的四方街是丽江古城的中心,位于古城与新城交界处的大水车是丽江古城的标志,古城大水车旁有一块大屏幕,每日播放的歌曲即是古城最受欢迎最有特色的歌曲,其中《纳西净地》是较为出名的歌曲之一。

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