端午十说
一说认为端午节是龙的节日。闻一多先生《端午考》考证端午节是古代吴越民间举行图腾祭的节日认为端午节实际上是一个龙的节日。
二说认为端午节是纪念楚国爱国诗人屈原逝世。据《续齐谐记》记述屈原在五月初五投汨罗江而死楚人哀之每逢此日以竹筒盛米投江祭之。
三说是据《礼记》载端午源于周代的蓄兰沐浴。
四说认为据东汉时期蔡邕《琴操》中载端午节系为纪念先贤介子推。
五说认为宋代高承《事物纪源》刊文端午源于春秋时期越王勾践于是日操练水军。
六说认为梁宗懔《荆州岁时记》转述端午是为迎“涛神”伍子胥。《后汉书》中也写道浙江虞巫上祝曹盱五月初五在曹娥江上婆娑起舞迎接伍子胥。后来江浙一带百姓每逢端午逆流而上举行各种仪式以悼念伍子胥。
七说认为在《道书》中载有五月初五是为祭祀先祖日。
八说是据《会稽典录》一书记载端午是为纪念寻父投江而死的曹娥。九说认为端午起源于夏、商、周时期的夏至节。其时仲夏之日万物方盛夏至日阴气荫生恐物不懋故在五月初五以五色印为门户饰以惩恶气。
十说是民间有一传说认为端午源于湖北沔阳沙湖曾有四位豪杰专门劫富济贫后遭当地官兵突袭围困而于五月初五投江而亡。当地民众万分悲哀将这一天定为端午节以示悼念。
端午临中夏，时清人复长。
——唐李隆基《端午武成殿宴群官》
四时花竞巧，九子粽争新。
——唐李隆基《端午三殿宴群臣探得神字》
官衣亦有名，端午被恩荣。
细葛含风软，香罗叠雪轻。
——唐杜甫《端午日赐衣》
浣江五月平堤流，邑人相将浮彩舟。
灵均何年歌已矣，哀谣振楫从此起。
扬枹击节雷阗阗，乱流齐进声轰然。
蛟龙得雨鬐鬣动，螮蝀饮河形影联。
刺史临流搴翠帏，揭竿命爵分雌雄。
先鸣余勇争鼓舞，未至衔枚颜色沮。
——唐刘禹锡《竞渡曲》
灵均死波后，是节常浴兰。
彩缕碧筠粽，香粳白玉团。
逝者良自苦，今人反为欢。
——唐元稹《表夏十首》之十
不效艾符趋习俗，但祈蒲酒话升平。
鬓丝日日添白头，榴锦年年照眼明。
——唐殷尧潘《端午日》
节分端午自谁言，万古传闻为屈原。
堪笑楚江空渺渺，不能洗得直臣冤。
——唐文秀《端午》
五日长蛟虚问祭，九关雕虎枉招魂。
——宋宋祁《屈原祠》
五色新丝缠角粽，金盘送，生绡画扇盘双凤。正是浴兰时节动，菖蒲酒美清尊共。
——宋欧阳修《鱼家傲》(五月榴花妖艳烘)
Dragon Boat race Traditions At the center of this festival are the dragon boat races. Competing teams drive their colorful dragon boats forward to the rhythm of beating drums. These exciting races were inspired by the villager's valiant attempts to rescue Chu Yuan from the Mi Lo river. This tradition has remained unbroken for centuries.
Tzung Tzu A very popular dish during the Dragon Boat festival is tzung tzu. This tasty dish consists of rice dumplings with meat, peanut, egg yolk, or other fillings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The tradition of tzung tzu is meant to remind us of the village fishermen scattering rice across the water of the Mi Low river in order to appease the river dragons so that they would not devour Chu Yuan.
Ay Taso The time of year of the Dragon Boat Festival, the fifth lunar moon, has more significance than just the story of Chu Yuan. Many Chinese consider this time of year an especially dangerous time when extra efforts must be made to protect their family from illness. Families will hang various herbs, called Ay Tsao, on their door for protection. The drinking of realgar wine is thought to remove poisons from the body. Hsiang Bao are also worn. These sachets contain various fragrant medicinal herbs thought to protect the wearer from illness.
端午节风俗习惯